[{"id":"nimitz-2004-tictac","domain":"military-sensor","domain_zh":"军方遭遇与传感器","title":"尼米兹号战斗群 2004 年「Tic Tac」遭遇","summary":"2004 年 11 月，美国海军尼米兹号航母战斗群在南加州外海演训期间，据舰上人员与飞行员证词，宙斯盾巡洋舰普林斯顿号的 SPY-1 雷达多日记录到一批异常空中目标。11 月 14 日，两架 F/A-18F 被引导前往拦截，飞行员目视报告一个约 12 米长、无可见推进装置与控制面的白色椭球体。随后另一机组的 ATFLIR 红外吊舱录下一段影像（后称 FLIR1）。美国国防部于 2020 年 4 月 27 日正式发布三段海军影像（其中一段摄于 2004 年 11 月）并确认其为海军拍摄、现象仍列未识别；该声明未涉及雷达记录或任何多传感器叙事细节。AARO 对本事件的具体档案编号与处置结论页码尚未核验（见来源表），本页仅引用已核实的 DoD 声明，不作进一步机构归因。","date":"2004-11-14","year":2004,"claimed_year":2004,"earliest_record_year":2004,"lat":32.1,"lon":-118.5,"uncertainty_km":60,"place":"美国加州南部外海（南加州作战区）","status":"尚未解释","scores":{"S":88,"E":68,"D":35,"A":55,"X":42},"track":"A4","track_zh":"现代 UAP 与军事遭遇","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":5,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["美国","海军","雷达","红外","2004","AARO"]},{"id":"wow-signal-1977","domain":"seti","domain_zh":"SETI 与技术标志","title":"Wow! 信号（1977）","summary":"1977年8月15日，Big Ear 射电望远镜的打印输出上出现强度码 6EQUJ5 的窄带信号，持续约72秒，恰等于固定波束扫过天空的时间；志愿者 Ehman 用红笔圈出并写下 Wow!。频率接近中性氢21厘米线（约1420 MHz），带宽小于10 kHz 通道宽度，峰值约为本底噪声的30倍。此后近五十年，VLA、META 与 Big Ear 自身的重观测均未再探测到它，原始逐秒数据也未保存。","date":"1977-08-15","year":1977,"claimed_year":1977,"earliest_record_year":1977,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"美国俄亥俄州 Big Ear 射电望远镜；源方向位于人马座，赤经存在两个候选值","status":"尚未解释","scores":{"S":86,"E":30,"D":28,"A":42,"X":15},"track":"A2","track_zh":"SETI 与技术标志","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":3,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["射电","窄带信号","氢线","单次事件","不可重复"]},{"id":"blc1-proxima-2019","domain":"seti","domain_zh":"SETI 与技术标志","title":"BLC-1：突破聆听比邻星「感兴趣信号」","summary":"2019年4月29日，突破聆听用帕克斯望远镜观测比邻星，事后检索在约982 MHz 处找到窄带信号 blc1。417万条候选中只有它通过全部过滤器：不落在已知干扰频段，有与多普勒效应相符的漂移，且随 ON/OFF 指向出现与消失。2021年 Sheikh 等用技术标志验证框架判定，它是本地干扰源的互调产物，并找到数十个与时钟振荡器成谐波关系的同形态干扰。","date":"2019-04-29（观测）／2021-11（结论发表）","year":2019,"claimed_year":2019,"earliest_record_year":2019,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"澳大利亚 Parkes Murriyang 64 米射电望远镜；目标为半人马座比邻星","status":"常规解释较充分","scores":{"S":96,"E":97,"D":82,"A":12,"X":2},"track":"A2","track_zh":"SETI 与技术标志","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":3,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["射电","窄带信号","射频干扰","假阳性","技术标志验证框架","方法论范例"]},{"id":"kic-8462852-tabbys-star","domain":"astronomy","domain_zh":"天文观测","title":"塔比星 KIC 8462852 的异常掩星与「巨构」假说","summary":"开普勒对 F 型主序星 KIC 8462852 的四年测光显示一系列不规则、非周期、深度最高约20%的亮度下降，形状不对称。Boyajian 等的发现论文讨论了彗星群、星周尘埃与仪器伪迹等可能。因大型不透明结构遮挡在理论上也符合戴森结构预期，该星一度成为巨构假说焦点。2017年 Meng 等的多波段监测发现，变暗在紫外更强、红外更弱，呈典型红化。","date":"2015-09（预印本）／2016-04（MNRAS 发表）","year":2016,"claimed_year":2015,"earliest_record_year":2015,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"天鹅座方向的 F 型主序星 KIC 8462852；观测来自 Kepler 空间望远镜、Spitzer、Swift 及地面台站","status":"常规解释较充分","scores":{"S":93,"E":97,"D":84,"A":42,"X":10},"track":"A3","track_zh":"天文异常与星际天体","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":3,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["系外恒星","测光","掩星","戴森结构","星周尘埃","巨构假说已排除"]},{"id":"oumuamua-1i-2017","domain":"astronomy","domain_zh":"天文观测","title":"1I/'Oumuamua（2017）与人工起源之争","summary":"2017年10月19日 Pan-STARRS1 发现首个确认的星际天体 1I，离心率远大于1。它有三项异常：光变振幅极大，暗示轴比或达10:1；自转呈非主轴翻滚；以及非引力加速度（Micheli 等），但深度成像中未见彗发或气体尘埃发射。观测窗仅约两个半月，未取得成分光谱。Bialy 与 Loeb 据此提出：若加速度源于辐射压，则需厚约0.3毫米的超薄薄膜，进而讨论人造光帆。","date":"2017-10-19（发现），观测窗约至 2018-01","year":2017,"claimed_year":2017,"earliest_record_year":2017,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"Pan-STARRS1（美国夏威夷哈莱阿卡拉）发现；后续 VLT、Gemini、Keck、Hubble、Spitzer 跟踪","status":"常规解释较充分","scores":{"S":95,"E":99,"D":41,"A":62,"X":22},"track":"A3","track_zh":"天文异常与星际天体","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":2,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["星际天体","非引力加速度","光帆假说","消去法推断","观测窗口受限"]},{"id":"borisov-2i-2019","domain":"astronomy","domain_zh":"天文观测","title":"2I/Borisov：第二个星际天体（对照基线）","summary":"2019年8月30日发现的 2I/Borisov 是第二个确认的星际天体，也是首个明确表现出彗星活动的：抵达时即有清晰彗发与彗尾，形态与太阳系长周期彗星几乎无异。与1I 不同，它足够亮且观测窗足够长，取得了高质量成分测量。Hubble 与 ALMA 显示其一氧化碳丰度异常高，CO 与水的比值超过内太阳系任何已知彗星的三倍以上，暗示它形成于母星系统 CO 冰线以外的极冷外围。","date":"2019-08-30（发现），2019–2020 跟踪","year":2019,"claimed_year":2019,"earliest_record_year":2019,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"由业余天文学家 Gennadiy Borisov 用自制望远镜（克里米亚）发现；后续 Hubble、ALMA、VLT、Gemini 跟踪","status":"已有独立佐证","scores":{"S":96,"E":99,"D":88,"A":18,"X":3},"track":"A3","track_zh":"天文异常与星际天体","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":3,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["星际天体","彗星","成分光谱","对照基线","X轴地板锚点"]},{"id":"atlas-3i-2025","domain":"astronomy","domain_zh":"天文观测","title":"3I/ATLAS（2025）：第三个星际天体与围绕它的异常主张","summary":"2025年7月1日，智利 Rio Hurtado 的 ATLAS 望远镜发现第三个确认的星际天体 3I/ATLAS。日心速度约57 km/s，轨道为明确的双曲线，2025年10月过近日点。与1I 不同，它是一颗活跃彗星，有可观测的彗发，并因轨道时机获得多台空间与地面设备的密集跟踪。Loeb 主张其近日点附近的非引力加速度可能是技术性推进的标志，该主张遭彗星动力学界反驳。近日点后，HST 的彗核与活动观测以及 Webb/NIRSpec 的同位素组成研究（氘丰度异常高、碳-13偏低，指向约100–120亿年前的古老形成环境）进一步支持其为自然起源的古老星际彗星。","date":"2025-07-01（发现），2025-10 过近日点","year":2025,"claimed_year":2025,"earliest_record_year":2025,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"ATLAS Rio Hurtado 站（智利）发现；后续 Hubble、JWST、Parker Solar Probe、TESS、Palomar、Apache Point 及 ESA 火星轨道器与 JUICE 观测","status":"常规解释较充分","scores":{"S":91,"E":99,"D":78,"A":18,"X":5},"track":"A3","track_zh":"天文异常与星际天体","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":4,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["星际天体","彗星","非引力加速度","多探测器观测","媒体热度与证据强度脱钩"]},{"id":"alh84001-mars-meteorite","domain":"astrobiology","domain_zh":"天体生物学","title":"ALH84001 火星陨石的生物成因主张（1996）","summary":"ALH84001 是1984年在南极 Allan Hills 发现的火星陨石，年龄约40亿年。1996年 McKay 等主张其碳酸盐球粒中有四类互证的生物迹象：多环芳烃有机物、被认为具生物成因特征的磁铁矿，以及形似微生物化石的纳米结构。反驳集中于：纳米结构小于已知最小自持生命体，且可由制样伪影解释；相关矿物可由无机水岩反应生成。2022年 Steele 等报告其有机物为非生物合成。","date":"1984-12（南极发现）／1996-08-16（Science 发表）","year":1996,"claimed_year":1996,"earliest_record_year":1984,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"南极洲 Allan Hills 冰原（ANSMET 计划回收）；分析在 NASA 约翰逊航天中心与卡内基研究所进行","status":"已证伪","scores":{"S":92,"E":97,"D":74,"A":20,"X":2},"track":"A1","track_zh":"宇宙生命基础","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":3,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["火星陨石","生物标志","纳米化石","非生物有机合成","生物标志与技术标志之别"]},{"id":"mars-methane-discrepancy","domain":"astrobiology","domain_zh":"天体生物学","title":"火星甲烷探测与 Curiosity–TGO 矛盾","summary":"Curiosity 在盖尔撞击坑重复测得低水平甲烷。Webster 等2018年报告，三个火星年的背景值在约0.24至0.65 ppbv 间呈季节性变化，并偶有约20 ppbv 的尖峰。甲烷寿命仅数百年，持续存在意味着有现代补给源。但2019年 Korablev 等在 Nature 报告，ExoMars TGO 未探测到甲烷，上限约0.05 ppbv，比此前报告低10至100倍。","date":"2018-06-08（Science）／2019-04-10（Nature 非探测）","year":2018,"claimed_year":2018,"earliest_record_year":2004,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"火星盖尔撞击坑（Curiosity 就位测量）；ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter 全球柱测量","status":"存在争议","scores":{"S":93,"E":62,"D":58,"A":60,"X":3},"track":"A1","track_zh":"宇宙生命基础","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":3,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["火星","甲烷","生物标志","仪器间矛盾","非生物地球化学"]},{"id":"venus-phosphine-2020","domain":"astrobiology","domain_zh":"天体生物学","title":"金星大气磷化氢主张（2020）及其重分析争议","summary":"2020年9月 Greaves 等在 Nature Astronomy 报告在金星云层高度探测到磷化氢，推断丰度约20 ppb。证据是其1–0转动跃迁在266.94 GHz 处的单一吸收线，由 JCMT 与 ALMA 分别以约5σ 与7σ 给出，作者称已知非生物过程无法维持该丰度。争议集中在基线拟合可能人为制造吸收特征、二氧化硫谱线混淆与 ALMA 定标问题。原作者后发补遗下调了丰度。","date":"2020-09-14（Nature Astronomy 发表）","year":2020,"claimed_year":2020,"earliest_record_year":2020,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"金星云层高度；观测来自 James Clerk Maxwell Telescope 与 ALMA（均位于地球）","status":"存在争议","scores":{"S":88,"E":38,"D":42,"A":40,"X":3},"track":"A1","track_zh":"宇宙生命基础","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":3,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["金星","磷化氢","单谱线探测","基线拟合","生物标志争议"]},{"id":"k2-18b-dms-claim","domain":"astrobiology","domain_zh":"天体生物学","title":"K2-18b 的 DMS/DMDS 生物标志主张与统计学反驳","summary":"K2-18b 是位于其恒星宜居带的温带亚海王星。2023年 Madhusudhan 团队用 JWST 近红外透射谱报告探测到甲烷与二氧化碳，并报告二甲基硫醚（DMS）的低显著性暗示；NASA 官方说明（2023-09-11）当时即明确指出，DMS 的推断较不稳健、需要进一步验证，且位于宜居带并携带含碳分子不必然意味着行星能支持生命。「Hycean（氢包层海洋世界）」解释本身是模型依赖的候选图景，并未确立。2025年该团队用 MIRI 数据报告与 DMS 及二甲基二硫醚（DMDS）一致的谱特征候选，置信度约3σ，低于5σ 发现门槛，论文标题亦为「新约束」而非「探测」。此后多组独立重分析给出否定结论：MIRI 谱在平线拒绝检验下无显著特征；贝叶斯模型比较不等价于显著探测；独立归约显示该谱受仪器系统误差主导。截至本条证据检索截止日，DMS/DMDS 仍是未经确认、模型依赖、待复核的候选信号。","date":"2023-09（首次暗示）／2025-04（MIRI 3σ 主张）","year":2025,"claimed_year":2025,"earliest_record_year":2023,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"系外行星 K2-18b（狮子座方向，距地约124光年）；观测来自 JWST 的 NIRISS、NIRSpec 与 MIRI","status":"常规解释较充分","scores":{"S":91,"E":30,"D":38,"A":22,"X":4},"track":"A1","track_zh":"宇宙生命基础","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":3,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["系外行星","JWST","二甲基硫醚","贝叶斯模型比较误用","仪器系统误差","证据标准"]},{"id":"seti-null-results-breakthrough-listen","domain":"seti","domain_zh":"SETI 与技术标志","title":"SETI 零结果与突破聆听巡天的参数空间限制","summary":"Price 等报告了突破聆听迄今规模最大的近邻恒星技术标志巡天：2016年1月至2019年3月，用 Green Bank 望远镜观测1138颗恒星、Parkes 观测189颗，合计1327颗，频率覆盖1.10至3.45 GHz。结果为零：未发现强于约10¹² 瓦等效各向同性辐射功率的发射机。该上限成立的前提是发射为连续的、且全向或恰好指向地球，这两个假设本身极大限制了结论的适用范围。","date":"2016-01 至 2019-03（观测期）／2020-03（AJ 发表）","year":2020,"claimed_year":2020,"earliest_record_year":2020,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"美国 Green Bank 100 米望远镜与澳大利亚 Parkes 64 米望远镜；目标为1327颗近邻恒星","status":"已有独立佐证","scores":{"S":96,"E":99,"D":90,"A":4,"X":2},"track":"A11","track_zh":"阴性证据与未发现","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":3,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["射电巡天","零结果","EIRP 上限","参数空间覆盖率","X轴地板锚点","负向对照"]},{"id":"fermi-paradox-drake-uncertainty","domain":"theory","domain_zh":"理论模型","title":"德雷克方程的不确定性传播与「消解费米悖论」","summary":"德雷克方程把银河系中可通讯文明数量分解为若干因子的乘积。代入最佳猜测的点估计会得出文明数量很大，与观测上的寂静形成费米悖论。Sandberg、Drexler 与 Ord 在2018年指出，这一冲突源于德雷克式方程隐含假设了对高度不确定参数的确定性认识。他们改用反映真实认知状态的概率分布，把生命起源相关知识表示为跨越多个数量级的不确定性，重算后发现「宇宙中不存在其他智慧生命」有可观的先验概率。","date":"1961（德雷克方程）／1975（Hart）／2018-06-06（Sandberg 等）","year":2018,"claimed_year":2018,"earliest_record_year":1961,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"无观测地点；本条为理论与统计方法条目（牛津大学人类未来研究所等）","status":"存在争议","scores":{"S":78,"E":88,"D":30,"A":6,"X":4},"track":"B","track_zh":"科学背景与理论","collection_zh":"科学背景馆","record_type":"理论模型","modalities":1,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["理论","德雷克方程","费米悖论","贝叶斯先验","不确定性传播","理论基线"]},{"id":"roswell-1947-project-mogul","domain":"government-archive","domain_zh":"政府与解密档案","title":"罗斯威尔 1947 与 Mogul 计划气球","summary":"1947 年 7 月，罗斯威尔陆军航空场发布新闻稿称回收一具「飞碟」，数小时后改称气象气球；1978 年后被重构为「军方回收外星飞行器与遗体并长期封存」。美国空军 1994 与 1997 年两份报告查明，牧场残骸为 Mogul 计划高空常压气球串——用于远距离监听苏联核试验，挂载雷达角反射器，其桦木条与花纹加固胶带正是所谓「象形文字梁」的来源，项目当时保密故不能公开说明。遗体一支被归因于高空跳伞人体模型与两起事故的记忆混同，但该解释存在时间线倒置，未闭合。","date":"1947-07-08（RAAF 新闻稿）；1994 与 1997 年两份美国空军报告","year":1947,"claimed_year":1947,"earliest_record_year":1947,"lat":33.94,"lon":-105.52,"uncertainty_km":40,"place":"美国新墨西哥州 Roswell 西北 Foster 牧场","status":"常规解释较充分","scores":{"S":88,"E":92,"D":85,"A":22,"X":8},"track":"A7","track_zh":"物理痕迹与回收物主张","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":3,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["罗斯威尔","Mogul计划","冷战保密","气球误认","美国空军","记忆重构"]},{"id":"alien-autopsy-1995-santilli","domain":"hoax-misid","domain_zh":"骗局与误认","title":"「外星人解剖」影片与 Santilli 2006 年承认","summary":"英国制作人 Ray Santilli 于 1995 年宣称购得 1947 年罗斯威尔外星人尸体解剖的 16mm 胶片，经 Fox 播出后成为全球现象。影片实为 1995 年在伦敦北部租用房内的摆拍：道具尸体由雕塑家 John Humphreys 制作并事后公开演示制法，体腔填充物为附近肉市场购买的鸡内脏与羊脑。2006 年 4 月 4 日 Sky One 播出《Eamonn Investigates: Alien Autopsy》，Santilli 与合伙人 Gary Shoefield 向主持人 Eamonn Holmes 承认为自制「重建」。承认附带未获支持的保留主张。","date":"1995-05 公开；1995-08-28 Fox 首播；2006-04-04 承认","year":1995,"claimed_year":1947,"earliest_record_year":1995,"lat":51.55,"lon":-0.13,"uncertainty_km":15,"place":"英国伦敦北部（实际拍摄地）；宣称为美国新墨西哥州","status":"已证伪","scores":{"S":90,"E":5,"D":78,"A":4,"X":1},"track":"A10","track_zh":"常规解释与取证科学","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":3,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["外星人解剖","造假自认","罗斯威尔衍生","影像伪造","Santilli"]},{"id":"crop-circles-bower-chorley","domain":"hoax-misid","domain_zh":"骗局与误认","title":"麦田圈与 Bower、Chorley 1991 年自认","summary":"1980 年代英格兰南部麦田中的几何图案被「麦田圈学」主张为 UFO 着陆痕迹或非人类智能信息。1991 年 9 月 9 日英国《Today》报头版刊出记者 Graham Brough 的报道《Men who conned the world》：南安普顿两名画家 Doug Bower 与 Dave Chorley 承认自 1978 年起制作了 200 个以上图案，工具仅为一块两端系绳的木板与帽檐准星丝。该报还设计了对照实验：先请二人制作图案，再邀权威学者 Pat Delgado 到场鉴定，Delgado 判定为真品后被公开揭穿。","date":"1978 年起制作；1991-09-09《Today》报头版自认","year":1991,"claimed_year":1978,"earliest_record_year":1978,"lat":51.35,"lon":-1.85,"uncertainty_km":60,"place":"英格兰南部 Wiltshire、Hampshire 一带","status":"已证伪","scores":{"S":84,"E":96,"D":72,"A":10,"X":2},"track":"A10","track_zh":"常规解释与取证科学","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":4,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["麦田圈","造假自认","盲测","英国","Bower与Chorley"]},{"id":"billy-meier-photographs","domain":"hoax-misid","domain_zh":"骗局与误认","title":"Billy Meier 的「昴宿星人」照片","summary":"瑞士人 Eduard「Billy」Meier 自称长期与昴宿星团外星人接触，拍下数百张清晰的「Beamship」彩色照片与影片。图像显示典型的近距小模型合成特征：可辨吊线痕迹、景深与照度不匹配、同一物体相对树木的尺度不自洽；1980 年「婚礼蛋糕」系列构件被指认为垃圾桶盖、圣诞装饰球与地毯图钉。Kal Korff 赴现场取证复原拍摄点与道具，Joe Nickell 与 IIG 用吊线分析与模型复现重建多张原图。1997 年前妻 Kalliope Meier 受访指认这些是自制模型。Meier 本人从未承认。","date":"1975 年起持续拍摄；1980 年「婚礼蛋糕」系列；1997 年前妻证词","year":1975,"claimed_year":1942,"earliest_record_year":1975,"lat":47.3,"lon":8.85,"uncertainty_km":20,"place":"瑞士 Hinwil / Schmidrüti（Semjase Silver Star Center 一带）","status":"已证伪","scores":{"S":66,"E":6,"D":52,"A":8,"X":1},"track":"A10","track_zh":"常规解释与取证科学","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":4,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["Billy Meier","接触者","模型伪造","瑞士","FIGU","照片分析"]},{"id":"phoenix-lights-1997","domain":"sighting","domain_zh":"现代目击","title":"凤凰城之光 1997（两起独立事件）","summary":"1997 年 3 月 13 日晚亚利桑那上万人目击空中异常光点，被主张为一架数英里宽的巨型飞行器。查清结果必须分成两起：约 22:00 的第二起（一排静止光点逐一熄灭）为马里兰空军国民警卫队 A-10 在 Barry M. Goldwater 靶场投放的 LUU-2B/B 降落伞照明弹，慢燃缓降并被 Estrella 山脊遮挡，军方 1997 年 7 月确认，投弹中队飞行员 Ed Jones 2017 年向《亚利桑那共和报》公开证实。约 20:15 的第一起（V 形光列）解释较弱，最强证据是业余天文爱好者用望远镜将其分辨为数架独立飞机。","date":"1997-03-13，约 20:15–20:30（第一起）与约 22:00（第二起）","year":1997,"claimed_year":1997,"earliest_record_year":1997,"lat":33.45,"lon":-112.07,"uncertainty_km":120,"place":"美国亚利桑那州凤凰城都会区及 Barry M. Goldwater 靶场一带","status":"存在争议","scores":{"S":72,"E":25,"D":62,"A":38,"X":12},"track":"A4","track_zh":"现代 UAP 与军事遭遇","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":5,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["凤凰城之光","照明弹","编队飞行误认","大规模目击","亚利桑那","两起事件"]},{"id":"mexico-congress-alien-bodies-2023","domain":"hoax-misid","domain_zh":"骗局与误认","title":"2023 年墨西哥国会「外星人遗体」展示","summary":"2023 年 9 月 12 日，Jaime Maussan 在墨西哥众议院 UAP 听证会上展示两具三指长颅小型遗体，称 2017 年出土于秘鲁纳斯卡附近。本案涉及**三个必须分开的标本对象**：①国会现场展示的两具标本——迄今无任何独立机构对其做过直接鉴定；②2017 年送墨西哥国立自治大学（UNAM）物理研究所测年的样本——UNAM 2023-09-13 重发 2017 年公报，声明其实验室仅做碳定年，从未对样本性质或「非人类」结论背书；③2023 年在利马 Jorge Chávez 机场被扣押的同系列「木乃伊」——秘鲁检察机关法医团队 2024-01-12 经三个月调查认定为用地球动物与人类骨骼拼装、现代合成胶粘合的玩偶（法医考古学家 Flavio Estrada 具名陈述）。**秘鲁鉴定的对象是③，不是①**；三者同一性从未被标本编号、照片对应或保管链证明。","date":"2023-09-12 墨西哥众议院听证；2024-01-12 秘鲁法医鉴定发布","year":2023,"claimed_year":2017,"earliest_record_year":2017,"lat":19.43,"lon":-99.14,"uncertainty_km":5,"place":"墨西哥城墨西哥众议院（展示地）；宣称出土于秘鲁纳斯卡附近","status":"已证伪","scores":{"S":92,"E":15,"D":55,"A":3,"X":1},"track":"A7","track_zh":"物理痕迹与回收物主张","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":4,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["纳斯卡木乃伊","Maussan","墨西哥国会","法医鉴定","秘鲁","人造标本"]},{"id":"nazca-lines-alien-runways","domain":"archaeology","domain_zh":"考古与器物","title":"纳斯卡线条的「外星跑道」主张","summary":"Erich von Däniken 于 1968 年主张纳斯卡的巨型直线与梯形只能从空中辨认，因此是外星飞行器的跑道或着陆导引，远古人类不具备制作能力。考古学上这些地画由纳斯卡文化通过移除表层氧化铁红褐色砾石、露出下方浅色土层制成。1982 年 Joe Nickell 与家人仅用绳结、木桩与自制木制丁字尺，约九小时定位 165 个控制点，复制出 440 英尺长的秃鹫图形，精度获 National Geographic 肯定。现场另发现端点木桩残留、陶器堆积与踩踏路径，且大量图形位于坡面，从地面即可辨识。","date":"线条制作约公元前 500–公元 500；1968 年提出主张；1982–83 年复现实验","year":-500,"claimed_year":-500,"earliest_record_year":1927,"lat":-14.74,"lon":-75.13,"uncertainty_km":30,"place":"秘鲁纳斯卡与帕尔帕之间的干旱高原","status":"常规解释较充分","scores":{"S":85,"E":4,"D":80,"A":12,"X":2},"track":"A8","track_zh":"神话·宗教·古籍·考古","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":4,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["纳斯卡线条","古代宇航员","复现实验","秘鲁","von Däniken","地画"]},{"id":"baalbek-trilithon","domain":"archaeology","domain_zh":"考古与器物","title":"巴勒贝克三巨石","summary":"巴勒贝克朱庇特神庙基座中三块各约 800 吨的巨石，以及采石场中约 1000 吨的「孕妇石」，被主张超出任何古代技术能力，因此属史前失落文明或外星干预，罗马人只是在既有平台上加建。该主张的关键前提已被采石场考古直接否定：2004 年起德国考古研究所与黎巴嫩大学的联合调查在同一采石场记录到三块未运走的同型巨石，2014 年发现的一块长约 19.6 米、估重逾 1650 吨。这些石块仍与母岩部分相连，保留完整的罗马式开采工序痕迹与吊装凸榫。","date":"罗马帝国时期，约公元 1 世纪中至 3 世纪；2004 年起采石场调查；2014 年发现最大石块","year":60,"claimed_year":60,"earliest_record_year":60,"lat":34.006,"lon":36.203,"uncertainty_km":2,"place":"黎巴嫩巴勒贝克朱庇特神庙及其西南约 800 米的石灰岩采石场","status":"常规解释较充分","scores":{"S":82,"E":5,"D":64,"A":26,"X":4},"track":"A8","track_zh":"神话·宗教·古籍·考古","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":4,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["巴勒贝克","三巨石","孕妇石","罗马工程","古代宇航员","黎巴嫩"]},{"id":"palenque-pakal-sarcophagus-lid","domain":"archaeology","domain_zh":"考古与器物","title":"帕伦克帕卡尔石棺盖的「宇航员」解读","summary":"von Däniken 于 1968 年称帕伦克王 K'inich Janaab' Pakal 石棺盖浮雕描绘的是操作火箭的宇航员——半躺前倾如座舱姿势、双手操控、面前有呼吸管、下方有喷焰推进器。玛雅图像学与铭文释读给出完整读解：构图中央是世界树，树顶栖息主鸟神，所谓喷焰是世界树根系与下界入口的骷髅状下颚，呼吸管是玛雅贵族标准鼻饰与玉珠装饰，人物姿态是标准的「坠入下界」并与玉米神死而复生母题同构。石棺侧壁与棺盖边缘刻有完整王朝铭文与日期，与图像互证。","date":"墓葬约公元 683 年；1949–1952 年发掘，1952 年打开墓室；1968 年提出主张；1970 年代起铭文释读锁定墓主","year":683,"claimed_year":683,"earliest_record_year":683,"lat":17.484,"lon":-92.046,"uncertainty_km":1,"place":"墨西哥恰帕斯州帕伦克铭文神庙","status":"已证伪","scores":{"S":91,"E":2,"D":84,"A":3,"X":1},"track":"A8","track_zh":"神话·宗教·古籍·考古","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":4,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["帕伦克","帕卡尔","玛雅铭文","世界树","古代宇航员","von Däniken"]},{"id":"sanxingdui-extraterrestrial-claim","domain":"archaeology","domain_zh":"考古与器物","title":"三星堆「外星文明」说","summary":"三星堆出土的纵目青铜面具、青铜大立人、金杖与神树被网络叙事主张为外星人形象或外星文明据点，并衍生出「挖出飞碟」「与中原文明毫无关联」「发掘被叫停」等谣言。考古学上三星堆属古蜀文明，碳 14 测年集中在商代晚期。纵目面具的夸张造型在同时期长江流域并非孤例，湖北盘龙城与江西新干大洋洲均出土风格夸张的青铜神人面像，更早渊源可追至长江中下游新石器时代的神人兽面母题；「纵目」亦与《华阳国志·蜀志》所载蜀王蚕丛「其目纵」相合。","date":"遗址年代约公元前 1200–1000；1986 年一、二号坑发掘；2020–2022 年新发现六座祭祀坑","year":-1200,"claimed_year":-1200,"earliest_record_year":1929,"lat":30.99,"lon":104.2,"uncertainty_km":3,"place":"中国四川省广汉市三星堆遗址","status":"已证伪","scores":{"S":88,"E":3,"D":84,"A":6,"X":2},"track":"A8","track_zh":"神话·宗教·古籍·考古","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":4,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["三星堆","古蜀文明","青铜面具","中文谣言","考古辟谣","四川"]},{"id":"saqqara-bird-glider-claim","domain":"archaeology","domain_zh":"考古与器物","title":"萨卡拉「鸟」的古埃及滑翔机主张","summary":"1898 年萨卡拉出土的一件无花果木鸟形雕件，1969 年被埃及医生 Khalil Messiha 主张为滑翔机模型，理由是翼型接近现代机翼、尾部为垂直舵而非水平尾羽，进而被古代宇航员叙事吸收。考古语境上它出自墓葬，属埃及大量存在的鸟形随葬雕件类别，出土时无任何配套构件，埃及也从未出土滑翔机部件、图纸、文字记载或起飞设施遗迹。滑翔机设计师 Martin Gregorie 于 2002 年以巴沙木复制品测试，结论是该构型无水平尾翼时完全不稳定，加装后滑翔性能仍差。","date":"文物年代约公元前 200 年；1898 年出土；1969 年提出滑翔机说；2002 年飞行测试","year":-200,"claimed_year":-200,"earliest_record_year":1898,"lat":29.871,"lon":31.216,"uncertainty_km":3,"place":"埃及萨卡拉 Pa-di-Imen 墓（现藏开罗埃及博物馆）","status":"常规解释较充分","scores":{"S":58,"E":97,"D":46,"A":24,"X":6},"track":"A8","track_zh":"神话·宗教·古籍·考古","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":2,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["萨卡拉鸟","古代宇航员","古埃及","气动测试","证伪链较弱"]},{"id":"antikythera-mechanism-ooparts-claim","domain":"archaeology","domain_zh":"考古与器物","title":"安提基特拉机械的「超前技术」误主张","summary":"该装置的齿轮精度被通俗叙事主张为远超古代水平的「不合时宜器物」，暗示外星或失落文明技术转移；学术史上另有一种早期版本认为齿轮过于先进、只可能来自更晚期沉船，属年代误判。两类主张方向相反却被同一批证据推翻。Price 以伽马射线照相穿透腐蚀青铜块，1959 与 1974 年两度发表，确认其为机械化天文计算装置。2005–2006 年研究团队以 X 射线微焦点断层扫描与偏振反射成像读出数千个被腐蚀层掩埋的刻铭字符与全部齿数。","date":"机械制作约公元前 150–100；1901 年打捞出水；1959 与 1974 年 Price 研究；2006 年断层扫描研究","year":-125,"claimed_year":-125,"earliest_record_year":1901,"lat":35.86,"lon":23.3,"uncertainty_km":5,"place":"希腊安提基特拉岛外沉船遗址（现藏雅典国家考古博物馆）","status":"已证伪","scores":{"S":96,"E":99,"D":94,"A":6,"X":1},"track":"A8","track_zh":"神话·宗教·古籍·考古","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":5,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["安提基特拉机械","OOPArt","希腊化天文学","断层扫描","高S低X锚点"]},{"id":"starlink-satellite-trains","domain":"sighting","domain_zh":"现代目击","title":"Starlink 卫星列车（现代误认类别）","summary":"一列等间距、同速、无声、沿直线鱼贯而过的光点穿越夜空，常被报告为编队飞行的不明飞行物；2019 年 5 月荷兰某报告网站在一次过境后短时间内收到 150 份以上报告。成因是 SpaceX Starlink 星座在发射后数日内尚未爬升至最终轨道、仍保持紧密串列时被地面阳光反射照亮。识别特征稳定：等间距、恒定角速度、沿同一大圆路径、无声、进入地影时逐个熄灭而非飞走。该类别可事后确定性核验——发射时间与轨道根数公开，任何一次目击都能回溯到具体过境窗口与方位角。","date":"2019-05-23 首批 60 星发射后开始大规模出现，至今持续","year":2019,"claimed_year":2019,"earliest_record_year":2019,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"全球（任何可见夜空；首个大规模报告潮出现在荷兰）","status":"常规解释较充分","scores":{"S":95,"E":99,"D":96,"A":2,"X":1},"track":"A10","track_zh":"常规解释与取证科学","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"解释类别","modalities":6,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["Starlink","卫星误认","可回溯核验","X轴零点锚点","现代误认类别"]},{"id":"lens-flare-parallax-sensor-artifacts","domain":"media-evidence","domain_zh":"影像与媒体证据","title":"镜头光晕、视差与传感器伪影（现代误认类别）","summary":"以美国海军 GoFast、Gimbal 两段红外视频与民用影像中的碟形光斑为代表，被主张显示物体以不可能的速度贴海飞行、无推进悬停旋转，或为飞碟实拍。三类成像机制可解释之：GoFast 的「贴海高速」是视差——独立三角计算与美国国防部 AARO 的复核一致得出目标位于约 13,000 英尺、地速仅约 30–40 节；Gimbal 的碟形轮廓与红外系统孔径/内反射形状匹配，其旋转与背景云层同步，指向摄像头万向节滚转而非目标自转；民用影像中的飞碟形光斑则是强光源在多片镜组间的内反射。","date":"2015 年前后的海军 ATFLIR 影像；2017-12 三段视频公开；2023–2025 官方与独立复核","year":2015,"claimed_year":2015,"earliest_record_year":2015,"lat":32,"lon":-76,"uncertainty_km":200,"place":"美国东海岸外海军训练空域（GoFast 与 Gimbal 拍摄区）","status":"存在争议","scores":{"S":82,"E":95,"D":74,"A":30,"X":10},"track":"A10","track_zh":"常规解释与取证科学","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"解释类别","modalities":5,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["GoFast","Gimbal","视差","红外眩光","镜头光晕","AARO","现代误认类别"]},{"id":"sky-lanterns-and-balloons","domain":"sighting","domain_zh":"现代目击","title":"孔明灯与气球类误认（现代误认类别）","summary":"夜空中出现一至数十个橙红色光点，无声、缓慢上升或随风漂移，有时呈编队并逐个熄灭，常被报告为发光飞行器编队。成因是孔明灯的火焰在纸罩内燃烧形成外观稳定的橙红色光源并随高空风漂移；人眼无法判定其距离与尺度，会把角速度错误换算为高速运动，成串释放时在地面看去即为编队飞行的单一巨型物体，燃料耗尽时逐个熄灭。白昼版本为气象探空气球、高空科研气球与金属化聚酯气球，特征是随风缓移、姿态摆动、日落后仍被高空阳光照亮而显得自发光。","date":"持续；2009 年英国因孔明灯普及出现报告量激增","year":2009,"claimed_year":2009,"earliest_record_year":2009,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"全球（法国 GEIPAN、英国国防部与中文圈报告中均为首要成因之一）","status":"常规解释较充分","scores":{"S":86,"E":98,"D":80,"A":8,"X":2},"track":"A10","track_zh":"常规解释与取证科学","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"解释类别","modalities":4,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["孔明灯","天灯","气球误认","GEIPAN","英国国防部","中文语境首要成因"]},{"id":"iran-1976-tehran-f4","domain":"military-sensor","domain_zh":"军方遭遇与传感器","title":"1976年德黑兰 F-4 拦截事件","summary":"1976年9月19日凌晨，德黑兰居民报告天空有明亮光体，伊朗帝国空军自沙赫罗基基地先后起飞两架 F-4E 拦截。美国驻德黑兰大使馆武官处于 1976-09-23（电报时间组 230515Z SEP 76，国防武官 Frank B. McKenzie 上校署名）向国防情报局发出情报报告转述伊方简报：第一架 F-4 在接近目标过程中失去通讯与部分仪表功能并返航；第二架取得雷达接触，机组称目标释出一个较小光体后，武器发射系统与部分通讯短暂失效。电报自述其内容得自与一名次级信息源（其中一架 F-4 的飞行员）交谈的转述。该报告经 DIA 分发至白宫、国务院、参谋长联席会议、国家安全局与中央情报局等机构，附送的分析员评估表给出高价值评级；后依《信息自由法》公开（Black Vault 副本所附 DIA 复函日期为 1996-08-22）。伊朗方面的原始调查卷宗、雷达带与机载记录至今未见公开。","date":"1976-09-19","year":1976,"claimed_year":1976,"earliest_record_year":1976,"lat":35.6892,"lon":51.389,"uncertainty_km":60,"place":"伊朗德黑兰上空","status":"存在争议","scores":{"S":80,"E":35,"D":42,"A":45,"X":20},"track":"A4","track_zh":"现代 UAP 与军事遭遇","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":4,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["军方遭遇","拦截","雷达","伊朗","FOIA","非美国案例"]},{"id":"rendlesham-forest-1980","domain":"military-sensor","domain_zh":"军方遭遇与传感器","title":"1980年伦德尔舍姆森林事件","summary":"1980年12月26日至28日夜间，驻英国萨福克郡 RAF Woodbridge 与 RAF Bentwaters 的美国空军人员数次进入伦德尔舍姆森林查看林中光源。副基地指挥官 Charles I. Halt 中校于1981年1月13日以《Unexplained Lights》为题致函英国国防部，记述了发光物体、地面三处凹痕与现场辐射读数。该备忘录连同国防部往来函件收于英国国家档案馆 DEFE 24/1948 卷宗。事发当晚无照片、无影像、无雷达记录留存；多名当事人的详细叙述在其后二十余年间陆续公开，彼此互有出入。","date":"1980-12-26 至 1980-12-28","year":1980,"claimed_year":1980,"earliest_record_year":1981,"lat":52.08,"lon":1.44,"uncertainty_km":3,"place":"英国萨福克郡伦德尔舍姆森林（RAF Woodbridge 与 RAF Bentwaters 之间）","status":"存在争议","scores":{"S":84,"E":74,"D":36,"A":30,"X":16},"track":"A4","track_zh":"现代 UAP 与军事遭遇","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":5,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["军方遭遇","英国","国家档案馆","非美国案例","地面痕迹"]},{"id":"belgium-1989-1990-f16-radar","domain":"military-sensor","domain_zh":"军方遭遇与传感器","title":"1989–1990年比利时三角形物体报告潮与 F-16 雷达接触","summary":"1989年11月底至1990年春，比利时各地出现大量关于低空缓慢移动的三角形灯光的报告。1990年3月30日至31日夜间，比利时空军应地面雷达通报起飞两架 F-16 拦截，机载雷达出现数次短暂锁定。空军参谋部作战处长 Wilfried De Brouwer 上校随后就此举行记者会说明经过。作为该报告潮象征的 Petit-Rechain 三角形照片，其拍摄者于2011年7月26日在比利时 RTL-TVI 承认系用泡沫板与手电自制。军方雷达接触的性质与目视报告的成因，各方至今给出的解释并不一致。","date":"1989-11-29 至 1990-04","year":1990,"claimed_year":1989,"earliest_record_year":1989,"lat":50.63,"lon":5.57,"uncertainty_km":80,"place":"比利时东部（列日、埃本-埃马尔一带）及全国","status":"存在争议","scores":{"S":66,"E":88,"D":40,"A":26,"X":12},"track":"A4","track_zh":"现代 UAP 与军事遭遇","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":4,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["军方遭遇","雷达","比利时","非美国案例","照片造假"]},{"id":"operacao-prato-1977","domain":"government-archive","domain_zh":"政府与解密档案","title":"1977–1978年巴西空军「Operação Prato」调查","summary":"1977年10月至1978年1月，巴西空军第一航空区情报部门在帕拉州科拉雷斯地区执行代号 Operação Prato 的实地调查，由 Uyrangê Hollanda 上尉带队。据二手转述称（实际所据为记者 Bob Pratt 的调查稿及其转述的巴西研究者说法，见 s2），调查组走访了科拉雷斯及周边约三十个村镇的数百名报告见到低空光体的居民，其中部分人自称被光束照射后出现虚弱与皮肤痕迹；又据同一转述称，行动积累了报告、手绘图、数百张照片与数小时影片，并有医务人员随行。上述具体数字均未能回溯到巴西国家档案馆的案卷号与页码。巴西空军承认执行过该行动；巴西国家档案馆官网确认其巴西利亚馆区藏有自空军司令部移交的1952–2019年不明飞行物相关文件，可经 SIAN 系统检索，但本条目未取得 Operação Prato 卷宗的具体案卷号（案卷号未取得）。公开材料以文字记录为主，影像多为低质量翻拍。","date":"1977-10 至 1978-01","year":1977,"claimed_year":1977,"earliest_record_year":1977,"lat":-0.937,"lon":-48.28,"uncertainty_km":40,"place":"巴西帕拉州科拉雷斯（Colares, Pará）及周边村镇","status":"资料不足","scores":{"S":55,"E":32,"D":34,"A":30,"X":15},"track":"A4","track_zh":"现代 UAP 与军事遭遇","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":4,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["政府调查","巴西","非美国案例","档案","证词"]},{"id":"jal-1628-1986","domain":"military-sensor","domain_zh":"军方遭遇与传感器","title":"1986年日本航空1628号航班阿拉斯加空域事件","summary":"1986年11月17日，日本航空1628号货运航班（波音747）在阿拉斯加上空飞行时，机长寺内谦寿与两名机组报告看到伴随飞行的光体。安克雷奇航路管制中心与埃尔门多夫空军基地的军用雷达一度出现附近回波。美国联邦航空管理局调查后于1987年3月表示，其雷达上的目标很可能是该机自身的分裂影像，军方雷达图像被判为杂波，机组所见物体无法确认。前 FAA 官员 John Callahan 于2001年就该次调查的内部处理过程作过公开陈述。","date":"1986-11-17","year":1986,"claimed_year":1986,"earliest_record_year":1986,"lat":64.84,"lon":-147.72,"uncertainty_km":150,"place":"美国阿拉斯加州费尔班克斯东北空域","status":"常规解释较充分","scores":{"S":74,"E":90,"D":46,"A":24,"X":12},"track":"A4","track_zh":"现代 UAP 与军事遭遇","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":4,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["军方遭遇","民航","雷达","日本","FAA","常规解释"]},{"id":"chile-cefaa-2014-navy-helicopter","domain":"military-sensor","domain_zh":"军方遭遇与传感器","title":"2014年智利海军直升机红外影像事件","summary":"2014年11月11日，智利海军一架直升机在例行巡逻中用机载 WESCAM MX-15 红外摄像机拍下一段约九分钟的影像，画面中两团热源沿水平方向移动并拖出长条尾迹，地面雷达未见对应目标，机上人员肉眼亦难以辨认。智利民航总局下属的异常空中现象研究委员会（CEFAA）调查约两年后于2017年初公开该影像。影像公开后，独立研究者比对当日公开航班轨迹，指出其时间、方位与高度与一架四发空客 A340 相符。","date":"2014-11-11","year":2014,"claimed_year":2014,"earliest_record_year":2014,"lat":-33,"lon":-71.6,"uncertainty_km":80,"place":"智利中部沿海空域（直升机自圣地亚哥起飞后沿海岸北飞）","status":"常规解释较充分","scores":{"S":80,"E":96,"D":66,"A":8,"X":3},"track":"A4","track_zh":"现代 UAP 与军事遭遇","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":4,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["军方遭遇","红外","智利","非美国案例","已被识别","常规解释"]},{"id":"geipan-trans-en-provence-1981","domain":"physical-trace","domain_zh":"物理痕迹主张","title":"1981年法国 Trans-en-Provence 地面痕迹案（GEIPAN D 类）","summary":"1981年1月8日下午，法国瓦尔省 Trans-en-Provence 一名居民报告看到一个灰色圆形物体降落于自家园地台地上，停留数秒后垂直升空。宪兵队次日到场，制作笔录并采集土壤与植物样本。法国国家空间研究中心下属的 GEPAN 组织了土壤力学、化学与植物生化分析，结果收于1983年3月的《Note Technique n°16 — Analyse d'une trace》。案卷编号 1981-01-00849，GEIPAN 至今维持 D 类归档。全案仅一名目击者，现场在系统取样前已被踩踏。","date":"1981-01-08","year":1981,"claimed_year":1981,"earliest_record_year":1981,"lat":43.503,"lon":6.486,"uncertainty_km":2,"place":"法国瓦尔省 Trans-en-Provence","status":"存在争议","scores":{"S":90,"E":45,"D":48,"A":40,"X":14},"track":"A7","track_zh":"物理痕迹与回收物主张","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":4,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["政府调查","法国","GEIPAN","非美国案例","地面痕迹","实验室分析"]},{"id":"uk-mod-project-condign-2000","domain":"government-archive","domain_zh":"政府与解密档案","title":"英国国防部 Project Condign 报告（2000年完成，2006年公开）","summary":"英国国防部国防情报参谋部下属的 DI55 于1996年委托撰写、2000年完成一份题为《Unidentified Aerial Phenomena in the UK Air Defence Region》的研究报告，代号 Project Condign，篇幅约四百页、分三卷，依据此前积累的约一万份目击报告。报告当时列为机密。研究者 David Clarke 与 Gary Anthony 于2005年9月依《信息自由法》提出申请，国防部于2006年5月15日公开该报告。报告将多数不明空中现象归因于罕见的大气等离子体现象及观察者的生理与心理效应。","date":"1996–2000（撰写）；2006-05-15 公开","year":2000,"claimed_year":2000,"earliest_record_year":2000,"lat":51.506,"lon":-0.125,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"英国（国防部国防情报参谋部 DI55）","status":"来源可追溯","scores":{"S":92,"E":96,"D":62,"A":12,"X":4},"track":"A9","track_zh":"政府·法律·机构史","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":1,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["政府调查","英国","解密档案","非美国案例","FOIA"]},{"id":"usaf-project-blue-book","domain":"government-archive","domain_zh":"政府与解密档案","title":"美国空军 Project Blue Book 及其701例未识别归档","summary":"美国空军自1947年起先后以 Project Sign、Grudge 与 Blue Book 之名受理并调查不明飞行物报告，Blue Book 于1952年定名，办公地点设在俄亥俄州赖特-帕特森空军基地。美国国家档案与文件署的记录说明：1947年至1969年共受理12,618例报告，其中701例仍列为「未识别」。1968年科罗拉多大学在 Edward U. Condon 主持下完成《Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects》，其结论直接导致空军部长于1969年12月17日终止该计划。案卷现存 NARA，含约94卷微缩胶卷。","date":"1947–1969（Blue Book 于1952年定名，1969-12-17 终止）","year":1969,"claimed_year":1947,"earliest_record_year":1947,"lat":39.826,"lon":-84.048,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"美国俄亥俄州赖特-帕特森空军基地","status":"来源可追溯","scores":{"S":90,"E":98,"D":50,"A":26,"X":6},"track":"A9","track_zh":"政府·法律·机构史","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":1,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["政府调查","美国","解密档案","NARA","Blue Book"]},{"id":"washington-dc-1952-radar-flap","domain":"military-sensor","domain_zh":"军方遭遇与传感器","title":"1952年华盛顿特区雷达与目视报告潮","summary":"1952年7月19日至20日夜与7月26日至27日夜，华盛顿国家机场、安德鲁斯空军基地与空军的雷达屏幕上多次出现无法对应已知航班的回波，部分管制员与飞行员同时报告目视光点，空军两度自特拉华州起飞 F-94 拦截。事件经媒体大幅报道后，美国空军于1952年7月29日在五角大楼举行记者会，由情报局长 John A. Samford 少将说明，将雷达目标归因于温度逆温造成的异常传播。Project Blue Book 沿用该解释至计划终止。当时雷达无记录带留存。","date":"1952-07-19 至 1952-07-27","year":1952,"claimed_year":1952,"earliest_record_year":1952,"lat":38.851,"lon":-77.038,"uncertainty_km":40,"place":"美国华盛顿特区（华盛顿国家机场、安德鲁斯空军基地）","status":"常规解释较充分","scores":{"S":82,"E":96,"D":44,"A":22,"X":5},"track":"A4","track_zh":"现代 UAP 与军事遭遇","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":4,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["军方遭遇","雷达","美国","Blue Book","常规解释","异常传播"]},{"id":"malmstrom-1967-echo-flight","domain":"military-sensor","domain_zh":"军方遭遇与传感器","title":"1967年马姆斯特罗姆空军基地 Echo Flight 导弹停机事件","summary":"1967年3月16日上午，美国蒙大拿州马姆斯特罗姆空军基地 Echo 发射控制中心下辖的十枚民兵洲际导弹在数秒内相继进入 No-Go 状态，战略空军司令部将其列为严重关切事项。空军与波音公司随后在马姆斯特罗姆、奥格登空军后勤中心与西雅图工厂进行复现测试，认定一次电子噪声脉冲经制导与控制系统的逻辑耦合器传入，可同时触发两条状态通道并导致发射设施停机。当时的部队记录称，关于故障期间该区域有不明飞行物的传言已被否定。退役军官 Robert Salas 自1990年代起公开陈述过另一处发射设施的类似经历。","date":"1967-03-16","year":1967,"claimed_year":1967,"earliest_record_year":1967,"lat":47.505,"lon":-111.187,"uncertainty_km":60,"place":"美国蒙大拿州马姆斯特罗姆空军基地 Echo 发射控制中心辖区","status":"存在争议","scores":{"S":74,"E":88,"D":46,"A":20,"X":8},"track":"A4","track_zh":"现代 UAP 与军事遭遇","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":3,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["军方遭遇","核设施","美国","工程调查","证词冲突"]},{"id":"aaro-historical-record-report-2024","domain":"government-archive","domain_zh":"政府与解密档案","title":"美国国防部 AARO 2024年历史记录报告（第一卷）","summary":"美国国防部全域异常解决办公室（AARO）依2023财年《国防授权法》要求，编写《Report on the Historical Record of U.S. Government Involvement with Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena》第一卷，2024年3月6日通过国防部预发布审查，3月8日在其官网公开。报告复核了1945年以来美国政府的各项相关调查工作，查阅密级与非密级档案并进行约三十次访谈，逐一处理了若干长期流传的回收与逆向工程说法，结论为未发现可核实的证据表明美国政府或其承包商掌握地外来源技术。","date":"2024-03-08","year":2024,"claimed_year":2024,"earliest_record_year":2024,"lat":38.871,"lon":-77.056,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"美国国防部（弗吉尼亚州阿灵顿）","status":"来源可追溯","scores":{"S":94,"E":98,"D":50,"A":10,"X":3},"track":"A9","track_zh":"政府·法律·机构史","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":1,"civilization":"","motifs":[],"tags":["政府调查","美国","AARO","国会报告","解密档案"]},{"id":"shiyiji-guanyue-cha","domain":"ancient-text","domain_zh":"古籍与编年史","title":"《拾遺記》貫月槎","summary":"東晉王嘉《拾遺記》卷一「唐堯」條記載:堯即位三十年,西海浮出一巨大木槎,槎上有光,夜明晝滅,遠望其光乍大乍小如星月出入。此槎常年環繞四海,十二年繞天一周,周而復始,名曰「貫月槎」,又名「掛星槎」,有羽人棲息其上。該條是中文古代UFO論述中被引用頻率最高的文本之一。文本性質為志怪小說,「十二年一周天」直接對應歲星紀年的既有天文術語,「羽人」為漢魏六朝方仙道美術與文本中的常見羽化登仙者形象。","date":"文本成於東晉約4世紀後期;所述事件託於堯在位三十年","year":380,"claimed_year":-2300,"earliest_record_year":380,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"「西海」(文本內地名,不可考)","status":"来源可追溯","scores":{"S":88,"E":2,"D":90,"A":20,"X":8},"track":"A8","track_zh":"神话·宗教·古籍·考古","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":1,"civilization":"中国","motifs":["M2","M4"],"tags":["志怪","中国古代UFO论述","岁星纪年","羽人"]},{"id":"nihonshoki-tenson-korin","domain":"ancient-text","domain_zh":"古籍与编年史","title":"《日本書紀》天孫降臨","summary":"《日本書紀》巻第二 神代下 第九段記載:高皇產靈尊以「真床追衾」覆蓋皇孫天津彥彥火瓊瓊杵尊,令其降下;皇孫離開天磐座,推分天上的八重雲,以威猛之勢排開道路,降臨於日向襲之高千穗峰。這是日本王權起源神話的核心段落,為天皇家系提供天授正統性。「真床追衾」被神道學與民俗學廣泛解讀為即位儀禮(大嘗祭)中寢具象徵的神話投影,即王權更新儀式的敘事化。","date":"成書於養老四年(720年);所述為神代,無可繫年","year":720,"claimed_year":720,"earliest_record_year":720,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"日向襲之高千穗峰(傳統比定有二說,分處宮崎/鹿兒島境;本輪未核驗坐標)","status":"来源可追溯","scores":{"S":94,"E":2,"D":82,"A":12,"X":5},"track":"A8","track_zh":"神话·宗教·古籍·考古","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":1,"civilization":"日本","motifs":["M1","M3"],"tags":["记纪神话","王权起源","大尝祭","天孙降临"]},{"id":"utsuro-bune-1803","domain":"ancient-text","domain_zh":"古籍与编年史","title":"1803年 うつろ舟(虚舟)","summary":"江戶後期四種文獻記載:享和三年(1803年)2月22日,常陸國海岸漂來一隻圓形如香爐的舟,上半為玻璃/障子狀,內有一名異裝女子,持一方箱不離身,舟內有不明文字;當地人不敢介入,將其推回海中。四種記錄分別為《鶯宿雑記》(約1815)、《兎園小説》(1825)、《漂流紀集》(1835)、《梅の塵》(1844)。田中嘉津夫(電気通信大学)自1997年起校勘原始寫本,結論為該故事是民俗與想像的文學混合物,早期文本中的地名為虛構,反映的是江戶後期對西洋文化滲透的社會焦慮。","date":"稱述事件為享和三年(1803年2月22日);最早記錄約1815年,最詳記錄1825年","year":1803,"claimed_year":1803,"earliest_record_year":1815,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"常陸國「はらやどり」濱(早期文本地名經證為虛構);田中嘉津夫2014年比定為神栖市波崎舎利濱","status":"存在争议","scores":{"S":70,"E":3,"D":38,"A":30,"X":11},"track":"A8","track_zh":"神话·宗教·古籍·考古","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":1,"civilization":"日本","motifs":["M2","M10"],"tags":["虚舟","江户随笔","うつぼ舟流离谭","地名证伪"]},{"id":"ezekiel-1-merkabah","domain":"religion","domain_zh":"宗教与神学","title":"《以西結書》第一章 默卡巴異象","summary":"《以西結書》第1章記載先知在巴比倫流亡期間於迦巴魯河畔所見異象：暴風自北方來，大雲與閃爍之火，周圍有光輝，火中顯出如閃亮金屬之物（הַחַשְׁמַל，1:4）；其後描述四活物各具四面（人、獅、牛、鷹，1:6、1:10）與四翼（1:6），活物旁有輪，「輪中套輪」（הָאוֹפַן בְּתוֹךְ הָאוֹפָן，1:15–16），輪隨活物同行同止（1:19–21）；活物頭上有穹蒼（1:22），其上有寶座形象與彷彿人形者（1:26–28）。以上節次本輪已按列寧格勒抄本數字化文本（UXLC）逐節核驗（1:4–28）。猶太教與基督教釋經學的主流讀法是「神的戰車寶座」（merkabah）異象，屬先知蒙召敘事；藝術史與亞述學則長期指出四活物的複合形象與美索不達米亞宮殿門神圖像高度相似。該章是後世猶太神秘主義「默卡巴傳統」的起點文本。","date":"三層年代：文內敘事繫年約前593年（巴比倫流亡、迦巴魯河畔）；成書核心學界多置於前6世紀流亡時期、最終編輯年代存爭議；最早寫本見證為死海古卷 4Q Ezekiel（4Q74，通說約前2–1世紀，斷代本輪未核驗）","year":-593,"claimed_year":-593,"earliest_record_year":null,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"迦巴魯河畔(נהר כבר),巴比倫尼亞","status":"来源可追溯","scores":{"S":96,"E":3,"D":84,"A":26,"X":9},"track":"A8","track_zh":"神话·宗教·古籍·考古","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":1,"civilization":"古代近东(以色列)","motifs":["M2","M4"],"tags":["merkabah","先知蒙召","lamassu图像学","Blumrich引文改动","4Q74"]},{"id":"vaimanika-shastra","domain":"ancient-text","domain_zh":"古籍与编年史","title":"《Vaimānika Śāstra》與 Vimana 問題","summary":"《Vaimānika Śāstra》稱有8章約3000頌,描述多種飛行器的構造、材料與操作,自稱為古聖 Bharadvāja 之作。實際情況是:由 Pandit Subbaraya Shastry(1866–1940)於1918–1923年口述,稱內容由古聖「通靈傳授」,原始轉錄者為 G. V. Sharma。1918年之前不存在任何該文本的寫本。印地語版1959年出,G.R. Josyer 的梵英對照本1973年出;經該英譯本傳播後國際化。1974年一項技術評估結論為其設計不具飛行可能性。本條收錄的目的是作為污染樣本,而非作為證據。","date":"口述於1918–1923年;自稱源出古聖 Bharadvāja。**非古代文本**","year":1923,"claimed_year":1923,"earliest_record_year":1918,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"不適用(無事件地點);寫本約1944年出現於 Rajakiya Sanskrit Library, Baroda","status":"已证伪","scores":{"S":12,"E":1,"D":50,"A":10,"X":2},"track":"A8","track_zh":"神话·宗教·古籍·考古","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":1,"civilization":"印度","motifs":["M2"],"tags":["污染样本","伪古代文本","1918-1923口述","Mausala Parva伪引文"]},{"id":"sumerian-anunnaki","domain":"ancient-text","domain_zh":"古籍与编年史","title":"蘇美爾/阿卡德 阿努納奇","summary":"蘇美爾–阿卡德文獻群中,Anunna/Anunnaki 是萬神殿中的神祇集合名稱。《Atrahasis》述諸神以黏土混合被殺之神的血肉造人,使人類代神承擔勞役;《Sumerian King List》列洪水前諸王,統治年數極長;apkallu(七智者)傳統述文明技藝由洪水前的水中智者傳授。這些在亞述學中屬宗教–宇宙論與王權正統性建構的範疇。Zecharia Sitchin 於1976年主張阿努納奇是來自「第十二顆行星」尼比魯的外星族群,該主張的譯讀基礎已被亞述學界、蘇美爾學界與東方學界全面否定。注意:造人敘事、長壽王表、七賢傳統分屬不同語料、承載不同命題,不構成同一命題的交叉印證——「阿努納奇證據鏈」是後人合併敘事的產物。","date":"《Atrahasis》古巴比倫抄本約前18–17世紀;《Enūma Eliš》約前12世紀定型;《Sumerian King List》約前2千紀初","year":-1750,"claimed_year":-1750,"earliest_record_year":-1750,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"美索不達米亞","status":"来源可追溯","scores":{"S":85,"E":2,"D":50,"A":18,"X":6},"track":"A8","track_zh":"神话·宗教·古籍·考古","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":1,"civilization":"苏美尔/阿卡德","motifs":["M1","M7","M9"],"tags":["污染样本","Sitchin译读被否定","Seal VA 243","apkallu","合并叙事已拆分"]},{"id":"dogon-sirius","domain":"mythology","domain_zh":"神话与口述传统","title":"多貢族 天狼星知識","summary":"Griaule 與 Dieterlen 於1950年報告多貢知曉天狼星有伴星 Pō Tolo 與 ęmmę ya tolo,稱 Sirius 位於 Pō Tolo 軌道的一個焦點上、週期50年,另涉土星環與木星衛星。1991年 Walter van Beek 等人的田野複查發現:多貢報導人雖談及 Sigu Tolo,但彼此對所指為何星完全不能一致,且一致表示該星知識來自格里奧爾本人。這使本案成為本領域少數「原始聲稱被田野複查直接挑戰」的案例。多貢傳統為口傳,不存在古代文本,一手材料實為1950年的法文民族誌報告。本站结论（2026-07 整改）：ET 推论无支持；原民族志主张被强烈动摇；方法争议（Griaule 引导性访谈污染 vs van Beek 复查因未能接触深奥知识层而失败）保留记录。被动摇的是记录的可靠性与 ET 推论，而非1950年记录材料本身的真实存在，故状态定为「常规解释较充分」而非「已证伪」。","date":"1950年發表的田野記錄;口傳本身無年代錨點","year":1950,"claimed_year":1950,"earliest_record_year":1950,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"馬里 邦賈加拉懸崖一帶","status":"常规解释较充分","scores":{"S":55,"E":5,"D":52,"A":15,"X":4},"track":"A8","track_zh":"神话·宗教·古籍·考古","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":2,"civilization":"多贡","motifs":["M5","M1","M4"],"tags":["污染样本","van Beek 1991复查","回馈污染","田野方法问题"]},{"id":"tuatha-de-danann-dark-clouds","domain":"mythology","domain_zh":"神话与口述传统","title":"圖哈德達南族「乘黑雲而來」","summary":"《Lebor Gabála Érenn》記載圖哈德達南族「乘黑雲而來」,降落於康諾特的 Sliabh an Iarainn,使太陽晦暗三日三夜;他們隨即焚毀船隻「以免生退卻之念,而船隻所生的煙與霧彌漫了鄰近的陸地與天空」。書中一首詩云:「無舟而至,其道無情/星空之下真相不明/不知其屬天抑或屬地。」本案的關鍵在於:据标准英译,同一文献传统在保存「乘黑雲」說法的同時,随后提供了焚船生烟的解释（对应节次原文待核验）—— 異常的化解线索出自该文献传统自身,而非外部假設。","date":"中世紀愛爾蘭編纂,存多個修訂本;具體世紀本輪未核驗。所述託於史前","year":null,"claimed_year":null,"earliest_record_year":null,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"愛爾蘭 康諾特 Conmaicne Rein 山地(Sliabh an Iarainn)","status":"来源可追溯","scores":{"S":80,"E":2,"D":38,"A":20,"X":7},"track":"A8","track_zh":"神话·宗教·古籍·考古","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":1,"civilization":"凯尔特","motifs":["M2","M1","M4"],"tags":["伪史学编纂","文本自带反证","焚船生烟","Macalister 1941"]},{"id":"quetzalcoatl-feathered-serpent","domain":"mythology","domain_zh":"神话与口述传统","title":"羽蛇神 奎茲爾科亞特爾","summary":"奎茲爾科亞特爾為托蘭的文明授予者,離去後化為晨星(金星);《Leyenda de los Soles》述其自冥界取回前代人骨、以自身之血澆灌造出今世人類。本案的關鍵在於一項已被學界推翻的常見前提:「阿茲特克人誤認科爾特斯為歸返的羽蛇神」幾乎確定是征服後的建構 —— 主流中美洲學者(Restall、Lockhart、Gillespie、Townsend 等)將其列為征服後早期興起的諸多征服神話之一。被廣泛用作本案核心異常的那個要素,本身是後世產物。","date":"Florentine Codex 約1545–1590年編成(征服後約50年);Leyenda de los Soles 序言紀年1558年5月22日","year":1558,"claimed_year":1558,"earliest_record_year":1545,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"托蘭(Tollan);文獻編成於墨西哥城/特拉特洛爾科","status":"存在争议","scores":{"S":68,"E":2,"D":40,"A":16,"X":5},"track":"A8","track_zh":"神话·宗教·古籍·考古","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":1,"civilization":"阿兹特克","motifs":["M1","M8","M4"],"tags":["征服后建构","科尔特斯误认已被否定","原件佚失","金星偕日升"]},{"id":"wandjina-rock-art","domain":"archaeology","domain_zh":"考古与器物","title":"金伯利 Wandjina 岩畫","summary":"Wandjina 是 Wanjina Wunggurr 文化群(Worrorra 及鄰近 Ngardi、Wunambal、Ngarinyin 諸族)的核心宗教要素,為雲與雨之靈;部分夢創敘事稱 Wandjina 創造了地貌及其中生靈並持續施加影響,並可以洪水、雷電與氣旋懲罰違法者。圖像特徵為大眼、無口、頭部周圍有環帶。岩畫傳統約距今3800–4000年,其出現緊隨千年乾旱結束、季風回歸之後 —— 這一年代與「雨靈」主題的對應構成強有力的環境–宗教解釋。這是一個活態傳統,不是遺跡。","date":"岩畫傳統約距今3800–4000年;其出現緊隨一段長達千年的乾旱結束、季風氣候回歸之後","year":-1900,"claimed_year":-1900,"earliest_record_year":-1900,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"西澳大利亞 金伯利地區","status":"来源可追溯","scores":{"S":82,"E":2,"D":40,"A":18,"X":6},"track":"A8","track_zh":"神话·宗教·古籍·考古","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":2,"civilization":"澳洲原住民","motifs":["M1","M4"],"tags":["活态传统","文化侵占问题","雨灵","Gwion Gwion混淆"]},{"id":"mengxi-bitan-yangzhou-pearl","domain":"ancient-text","domain_zh":"古籍与编年史","title":"沈括《夢溪筆談》揚州珠","summary":"《夢溪筆談》卷二十一「異事」載:嘉祐年間揚州有一「珠」甚大,天晦多見,先後出現於天長縣陂澤、甓社湖、新開湖等十餘處。沈括友人書齋在湖上,一夜見其甚近:初微開其房,光如橫一金線;俄頃忽張殼,大如半席,殼中白光如銀,珠大如拳,爛然不可正視;十餘里間林木皆有影如初日所照,遠處天赤如野火;倏然遠去,其行如飛。沈括本人將其歸入「異事」門,即當作待解的異常見聞記錄,並明言得自友人。","date":"所述事件在嘉祐年間;成書於北宋11世紀後期","year":1090,"claimed_year":1060,"earliest_record_year":1090,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"揚州一帶(天長縣陂澤 → 甓社湖 → 新開湖,前後十餘處)","status":"来源可追溯","scores":{"S":92,"E":4,"D":92,"A":34,"X":13},"track":"A8","track_zh":"神话·宗教·古籍·考古","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":1,"civilization":"中国","motifs":["M2"],"tags":["中国古代UFO论述","异事门","二手转述","球状闪电假说"]},{"id":"taketori-monogatari-moon-descent","domain":"mythology","domain_zh":"神话与口述传统","title":"《竹取物語》月人迎接","summary":"日本現存最早的物語文學。《源氏物語》稱其為諸物語之祖。故事中天人的使團在異光中降臨竹取翁家,守衛被異樣的光所眩目;在為輝夜姬披上羽衣之後,一行人升入天空。成篇年代的推定依據之一是文中言及富士山仍在冒煙,而《古今和歌集》(905年)已記其停止冒煙,故推定早於905年;另有871–881年間成篇之說,以及與《大和物語》所述909年賞月宴的關聯。關鍵年代學問題是:現存最古完本為里村紹巴本(元龜元年,1570),與推定成篇年代相隔約七百年。","date":"成篇約9世紀末–10世紀初(有871–881年說);現存最古完本為里村紹巴本(元龜元年,1570)","year":900,"claimed_year":900,"earliest_record_year":900,"lat":null,"lon":null,"uncertainty_km":null,"place":"不明(物語虛構場景)","status":"来源可追溯","scores":{"S":72,"E":1,"D":30,"A":14,"X":4},"track":"A8","track_zh":"神话·宗教·古籍·考古","collection_zh":"证据研究馆","record_type":"事件/主张档案","modalities":1,"civilization":"日本","motifs":["M2","M10","M8"],"tags":["ATU 400","羽衣传说","写本年代缺口700年","物语之祖"]}]